{"id":29444,"date":"2025-05-07T07:22:00","date_gmt":"2025-05-07T06:22:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/xqthenews.com\/?p=29444"},"modified":"2025-05-07T07:22:01","modified_gmt":"2025-05-07T06:22:01","slug":"the-great-spanish-blackout","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/xqthenews.com\/en\/the-great-spanish-blackout\/","title":{"rendered":"The great Spanish blackout"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>After the emergency, normality gradually returned. The question remains as to what caused the sudden loss of 15,000 <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;MW&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;MW stands for megawatt, a unit of power equal to one million watts. It is used to measure the production or consumption of energy on a large scale, such as in power plants or electricity grids. &amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/xqthenews.com\/en\/glossary\/mw\/\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>MW<\/a> of energy produced, 60% of the total. Those hours will remain in our personal and collective memory, showing the extent to which electricity is present in our lives.  <\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<p>All Spaniards will remember where they were at 12.33pm on Monday 28th April. It was the moment of the &lsquo;great blackout&rsquo;, a power failure of historic proportions. It had never happened before. Suddenly we had no connections, no fridges, no trains, no metro, no traffic lights, no screens, no GPS, no data phones&hellip; For a few endless hours, life took a leap into the past. And each of us has our own story to tell about those hours. In some cases, a traumatic one, like that of the hundreds of people trapped in lifts or the thousands stuck in subways and trains.     <\/p>\n\n<p>Once again, the civic behaviour of <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Citizens&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;A concept that encompasses issues of rights and responsibilities, as well as ideas of equality, diversity, and social justice. The concept of citizenship is not limited to the act of voting but encompasses a whole range of actions that each person undertakes that have an impact on the life of the community (local, national, regional, and international) and are inextricably linked to the public sphere in which people can act together.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;(Source: CIG &ndash; Comiss&atilde;o para a Cidadania e Igualde de G&eacute;nero)&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;cmtt_related_articles_wrapper&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;cmtt_related_title cmtt_related_articles_title&amp;quot;&gt;Related Articles: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;ul class=&amp;quot;cmtt_related&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;li class=&amp;quot;cmtt_related_item&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&amp;quot;https:\/\/xqthenews.com\/en\/your-plastic-lunchbox-is-polluting-the-planet-and-your-endocrine-system\/&amp;quot;target=&amp;quot;_blank&amp;quot;&gt;Your plastic lunchbox is polluting the planet and your endocrine system.&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/li&gt;&lt;li class=&amp;quot;cmtt_related_item&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&amp;quot;https:\/\/xqthenews.com\/en\/circular-economy-organic-matter-in-the-past-present-and-future\/&amp;quot;target=&amp;quot;_blank&amp;quot;&gt;Circular economy: organic matter in the past, present and future&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/li&gt;&lt;li class=&amp;quot;cmtt_related_item&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&amp;quot;https:\/\/xqthenews.com\/en\/italian-christmas-traditions-between-the-sacred-and-the-profane\/&amp;quot;target=&amp;quot;_blank&amp;quot;&gt;Italian Christmas traditions, between the sacred and the profane&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/li&gt;&lt;li class=&amp;quot;cmtt_related_item&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&amp;quot;https:\/\/xqthenews.com\/en\/brains-on-the-run-comings-goings-sometimes-returns\/&amp;quot;target=&amp;quot;_blank&amp;quot;&gt;Brains on the run: comings, goings, sometimes returns&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/li&gt;&lt;li class=&amp;quot;cmtt_related_item&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&amp;quot;https:\/\/xqthenews.com\/en\/where-do-business-and-society-stand-on-the-circular-economy\/&amp;quot;target=&amp;quot;_blank&amp;quot;&gt;Where do business and society stand on the circular economy?&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/li&gt;&lt;\/ul&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/xqthenews.com\/en\/glossary\/citizenship\/\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">citizens<\/a> and the smooth functioning of public services &ndash; from the fire brigade to health centres, schools and <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Civil defence&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Civil defence is the set of services and actions organised to prevent, coordinate and act in the event of emergencies or disasters in order to protect the population and reduce risks.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/xqthenews.com\/en\/glossary\/civil-defence\/\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">civil defence<\/a> &ndash; mitigated the impact of the emergency. Radio, in the form of old-fashioned <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Transistor&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;A transistor is a small electronic device that amplifies or controls electrical signals. In the form of a portable radio, it allows broadcasts to be received without relying on a fixed electrical connection. &amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/xqthenews.com\/en\/glossary\/transistor\/\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">transistor<\/a> radios, once again proved to be an essential means of communication in times of crisis when all other media go dark. <\/p>\n\n<p>In the early hours of Tuesday 29 April, Red El&eacute;ctrica, the public company that manages the network, announced that more than 90% of service had been restored. In Catalonia, the power began to return in the afternoon, like an oil slick from the northern regions. The slowest to recover is the rail service, the infrastructure most affected by the major blackout. Thousands of passengers spent the night in stations.   <\/p>\n\n<p>Train services in Barcelona continue to be disrupted by tensions in the electricity network. After Monday&rsquo;s blackout, Renfe had planned for 60% of the Cercan&iacute;as service (commuter trains) to run today, albeit with delays on some lines. <\/p>\n\n<p>On Tuesday morning, the cause of the blackout remained a mystery. The President of the Government, Pedro S&aacute;nchez, admitted in the press conference following the blackout that the exact causes of the blackout were still unknown and insisted that &lsquo;all hypotheses are still open&rsquo;. S&aacute;nchez urged the public &lsquo;not to speculate&rsquo;. What is known for now is that &lsquo;the blackout began after a very strong oscillation in the power flows&rsquo;, the president explained. For five seconds, 15,000 <a class=\"glossaryLink\"  aria-describedby=\"tt\"  data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;MW&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;MW stands for megawatt, a unit of power equal to one million watts. It is used to measure the production or consumption of energy on a large scale, such as in power plants or electricity grids. &amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\"  href=\"https:\/\/xqthenews.com\/en\/glossary\/mw\/\"  data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex='0' role='link'>MW<\/a> of the energy being produced suddenly disappeared, equivalent to 60% of the electricity being consumed at the time, according to Red El&eacute;ctrica sources. This huge loss of generation caused the collapse.     <\/p>\n\n<p>As for the organisation of the working day on Tuesday, the government reminds us that &ldquo;people who cannot go to work because of difficulties in travelling (due to recommendations from the authorities or due to restrictions on any type of public or private transport) have leave and rights guaranteed and recognised in the Workers&rsquo; Statute&rdquo;.<\/p>\n\n<p>The &lsquo;great blackout&rsquo; left us with an indelible personal experience and a reflection on the extent to which our lives depend on electricity. Paper maps, cash, transistors, landline telephones, torches&hellip; suddenly regained a value we thought they had lost. But above all, the emergency showed how important it is to have efficient public services in difficult times.  <\/p>\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-vivid-green-cyan-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color has-background is-style-wide\">\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\/* <![CDATA[ *\/\nvar gform;gform||(document.addEventListener(\"gform_main_scripts_loaded\",function(){gform.scriptsLoaded=!0}),document.addEventListener(\"gform\/theme\/scripts_loaded\",function(){gform.themeScriptsLoaded=!0}),window.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",function(){gform.domLoaded=!0}),gform={domLoaded:!1,scriptsLoaded:!1,themeScriptsLoaded:!1,isFormEditor:()=>\"function\"==typeof InitializeEditor,callIfLoaded:function(o){return!(!gform.domLoaded||!gform.scriptsLoaded||!gform.themeScriptsLoaded&&!gform.isFormEditor()||(gform.isFormEditor()&&console.warn(\"The use of gform.initializeOnLoaded() is deprecated in the form editor context and will be removed in Gravity Forms 3.1.\"),o(),0))},initializeOnLoaded:function(o){gform.callIfLoaded(o)||(document.addEventListener(\"gform_main_scripts_loaded\",()=>{gform.scriptsLoaded=!0,gform.callIfLoaded(o)}),document.addEventListener(\"gform\/theme\/scripts_loaded\",()=>{gform.themeScriptsLoaded=!0,gform.callIfLoaded(o)}),window.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",()=>{gform.domLoaded=!0,gform.callIfLoaded(o)}))},hooks:{action:{},filter:{}},addAction:function(o,r,e,t){gform.addHook(\"action\",o,r,e,t)},addFilter:function(o,r,e,t){gform.addHook(\"filter\",o,r,e,t)},doAction:function(o){gform.doHook(\"action\",o,arguments)},applyFilters:function(o){return gform.doHook(\"filter\",o,arguments)},removeAction:function(o,r){gform.removeHook(\"action\",o,r)},removeFilter:function(o,r,e){gform.removeHook(\"filter\",o,r,e)},addHook:function(o,r,e,t,n){null==gform.hooks[o][r]&&(gform.hooks[o][r]=[]);var d=gform.hooks[o][r];null==n&&(n=r+\"_\"+d.length),gform.hooks[o][r].push({tag:n,callable:e,priority:t=null==t?10:t})},doHook:function(r,o,e){var t;if(e=Array.prototype.slice.call(e,1),null!=gform.hooks[r][o]&&((o=gform.hooks[r][o]).sort(function(o,r){return o.priority-r.priority}),o.forEach(function(o){\"function\"!=typeof(t=o.callable)&&(t=window[t]),\"action\"==r?t.apply(null,e):e[0]=t.apply(null,e)})),\"filter\"==r)return e[0]},removeHook:function(o,r,t,n){var e;null!=gform.hooks[o][r]&&(e=(e=gform.hooks[o][r]).filter(function(o,r,e){return!!(null!=n&&n!=o.tag||null!=t&&t!=o.priority)}),gform.hooks[o][r]=e)}});\n\/* ]]> *\/\n<\/script>\n\n                <div class=\"gf_browser_gecko gform_wrapper gravity-theme gform-theme--no-framework quiz_wrapper\" data-form-theme=\"gravity-theme\" data-form-index=\"0\" id=\"gform_wrapper_854\"><div id=\"gf_854\" class=\"gform_anchor\" tabindex=\"-1\"><\/div>\n                        <div class=\"gform_heading\">\n                            <h2 class=\"gform_title\">Reading Comprehension questions. The great Spanish blackout<\/h2>\n                            <p class=\"gform_description\"><\/p>\n                        <\/div><form method=\"post\" enctype=\"multipart\/form-data\" id=\"gform_854\" class=\"quiz\" action=\"\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/29444#gf_854\" data-formid=\"854\" novalidate> \r\n <input type=\"hidden\" class=\"gforms-pum\" value='{\"closepopup\":false,\"closedelay\":0,\"openpopup\":false,\"openpopup_id\":0}'>\n        <div id=\"gf_progressbar_wrapper_854\" class=\"gf_progressbar_wrapper\" data-start-at-zero=\"\">\n        \t<p class=\"gf_progressbar_title\">Step <span class=\"gf_step_current_page\">1<\/span> of <span class=\"gf_step_page_count\">3<\/span><span class=\"gf_step_page_name\"><\/span>\n        \t<\/p>\n            <div class=\"gf_progressbar gf_progressbar_blue\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n                <div class=\"gf_progressbar_percentage percentbar_blue percentbar_33\" style=\"width:33%;\"><span>33%<\/span><\/div>\n            <\/div><\/div>\n                        <div class=\"gform-body gform_body\"><div id=\"gform_page_854_1\" class=\"gform_page \" data-js=\"page-field-id-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"gform_page_fields\"><div id=\"gform_fields_854\" class=\"gform_fields top_label form_sublabel_below description_below validation_below\"><fieldset id=\"field_854_1\" class=\"gfield gfield--type-quiz gfield--type-choice gfield--input-type-radio field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below field_validation_below gfield_visibility_visible gquiz-field \" data-field-class=\"gquiz-field\"><legend class=\"gfield_label gform-field-label\">What employment rights did the government reinstate after the blackout?<\/legend><div class=\"ginput_container ginput_container_radio\"><div class=\"gfield_radio\" id=\"input_854_1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"gchoice gchoice_854_1_0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<input class=\"gfield-choice-input\" name=\"input_1\" type=\"radio\" value=\"gquiz1b2b27084\" id=\"choice_854_1_0\" onchange=\"gformToggleRadioOther( this )\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"choice_854_1_0\" id=\"label_854_1_0\" class=\"gform-field-label gform-field-label--type-inline\">The right to sick leave.<\/label>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"gchoice gchoice_854_1_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<input class=\"gfield-choice-input\" name=\"input_1\" type=\"radio\" value=\"gquiz12c53da11\" id=\"choice_854_1_1\" onchange=\"gformToggleRadioOther( this )\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"choice_854_1_1\" id=\"label_854_1_1\" class=\"gform-field-label gform-field-label--type-inline\">The right to overtime pay.<\/label>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"gchoice gchoice_854_1_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<input class=\"gfield-choice-input\" name=\"input_1\" type=\"radio\" value=\"gquiz1b672525f5d\" id=\"choice_854_1_2\" onchange=\"gformToggleRadioOther( this )\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"choice_854_1_2\" id=\"label_854_1_2\" class=\"gform-field-label gform-field-label--type-inline\">The right not to go to work because of lack of transport.<\/label>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/fieldset><\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"gform-page-footer gform_page_footer top_label\">\n                         <input type=\"button\" id=\"gform_next_button_854_5\" class=\"gform_next_button gform-theme-button button\" onclick=\"gform.submission.handleButtonClick(this);\" data-submission-type=\"next\" value=\"Next \"> \n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <div id=\"gform_page_854_2\" class=\"gform_page\" data-js=\"page-field-id-5\" style=\"display:none;\">\n                    <div class=\"gform_page_fields\">\n                        <div id=\"gform_fields_854_2\" class=\"gform_fields top_label form_sublabel_below description_below validation_below\"><fieldset id=\"field_854_3\" class=\"gfield gfield--type-quiz gfield--type-choice gfield--input-type-radio gfield--width-full field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below field_validation_below gfield_visibility_visible gquiz-field \" data-field-class=\"gquiz-field\"><legend class=\"gfield_label gform-field-label\">According to Red El&eacute;ctrica, what caused the collapse of the electricity system?<\/legend><div class=\"ginput_container ginput_container_radio\"><div class=\"gfield_radio\" id=\"input_854_3\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"gchoice gchoice_854_3_0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<input class=\"gfield-choice-input\" name=\"input_3\" type=\"radio\" value=\"gquiz3394e91f2\" id=\"choice_854_3_0\" onchange=\"gformToggleRadioOther( this )\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"choice_854_3_0\" id=\"label_854_3_0\" class=\"gform-field-label gform-field-label--type-inline\">An overload caused by storms.<\/label>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"gchoice gchoice_854_3_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<input class=\"gfield-choice-input\" name=\"input_3\" type=\"radio\" value=\"gquiz3b5aa3d2d\" id=\"choice_854_3_1\" onchange=\"gformToggleRadioOther( this )\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"choice_854_3_1\" id=\"label_854_3_1\" class=\"gform-field-label gform-field-label--type-inline\">An oscillation that caused a large part of the energy to suddenly disappear.<\/label>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"gchoice gchoice_854_3_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<input class=\"gfield-choice-input\" name=\"input_3\" type=\"radio\" value=\"gquiz3d1b23a18\" id=\"choice_854_3_2\" onchange=\"gformToggleRadioOther( this )\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"choice_854_3_2\" id=\"label_854_3_2\" class=\"gform-field-label gform-field-label--type-inline\">A cyber-attack on the grid servers.<\/label>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/fieldset><\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"gform-page-footer gform_page_footer top_label\">\n                        <input type=\"button\" id=\"gform_previous_button_854_6\" class=\"gform_previous_button gform-theme-button gform-theme-button--secondary button\" onclick=\"gform.submission.handleButtonClick(this);\" data-submission-type=\"previous\" value=\"Previous\"> <input type=\"button\" id=\"gform_next_button_854_6\" class=\"gform_next_button gform-theme-button button\" onclick=\"gform.submission.handleButtonClick(this);\" data-submission-type=\"next\" value=\"Next \"> \n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <div id=\"gform_page_854_3\" class=\"gform_page\" data-js=\"page-field-id-6\" style=\"display:none;\">\n                    <div class=\"gform_page_fields\">\n                        <div id=\"gform_fields_854_3\" class=\"gform_fields top_label form_sublabel_below description_below validation_below\"><fieldset id=\"field_854_4\" class=\"gfield gfield--type-quiz gfield--type-choice gfield--input-type-radio gfield--width-full field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below field_validation_below gfield_visibility_visible gquiz-field \" data-field-class=\"gquiz-field\"><legend class=\"gfield_label gform-field-label\">According to the text, which elements regained value during the blackout?<\/legend><div class=\"ginput_container ginput_container_radio\"><div class=\"gfield_radio\" id=\"input_854_4\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"gchoice gchoice_854_4_0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<input class=\"gfield-choice-input\" name=\"input_4\" type=\"radio\" value=\"gquiz46a62d494\" id=\"choice_854_4_0\" onchange=\"gformToggleRadioOther( this )\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"choice_854_4_0\" id=\"label_854_4_0\" class=\"gform-field-label gform-field-label--type-inline\">Social networks and digital platforms.<\/label>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"gchoice gchoice_854_4_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<input class=\"gfield-choice-input\" name=\"input_4\" type=\"radio\" value=\"gquiz488c89c8f\" id=\"choice_854_4_1\" onchange=\"gformToggleRadioOther( this )\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"choice_854_4_1\" id=\"label_854_4_1\" class=\"gform-field-label gform-field-label--type-inline\">Electric cars and scooters.<\/label>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"gchoice gchoice_854_4_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<input 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