{"id":28819,"date":"2025-04-02T07:18:42","date_gmt":"2025-04-02T06:18:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/xqthenews.com\/?p=28819"},"modified":"2025-04-02T07:18:42","modified_gmt":"2025-04-02T06:18:42","slug":"electronic-cigarettes-health-warning-for-young-people","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/xqthenews.com\/en\/electronic-cigarettes-health-warning-for-young-people\/","title":{"rendered":"Electronic cigarettes: health warning for young people"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Vaping is spreading rapidly among young people, increasing the risk of addiction and switching to traditional tobacco. Experts are calling for tougher measures to protect public health. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the early 1970s, scientific evidence of the serious health risks associated with tobacco use began to emerge, prompting international health institutions and individual governments to act. The adoption of the &ldquo;Ottawa Charter&rdquo; in 1986, restrictions on advertising and messages on cigarette packs, awareness campaigns to educate <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Citizens&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;A concept that encompasses issues of rights and responsibilities, as well as ideas of equality, diversity, and social justice. The concept of citizenship is not limited to the act of voting but encompasses a whole range of actions that each person undertakes that have an impact on the life of the community (local, national, regional, and international) and are inextricably linked to the public sphere in which people can act together.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;(Source: CIG &ndash; Comiss&atilde;o para a Cidadania e Igualde de G&eacute;nero)&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;cmtt_related_articles_wrapper&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;cmtt_related_title cmtt_related_articles_title&amp;quot;&gt;Related Articles: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;ul class=&amp;quot;cmtt_related&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;li class=&amp;quot;cmtt_related_item&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&amp;quot;https:\/\/xqthenews.com\/en\/your-plastic-lunchbox-is-polluting-the-planet-and-your-endocrine-system\/&amp;quot;target=&amp;quot;_blank&amp;quot;&gt;Your plastic lunchbox is polluting the planet and your endocrine system.&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/li&gt;&lt;li class=&amp;quot;cmtt_related_item&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&amp;quot;https:\/\/xqthenews.com\/en\/circular-economy-organic-matter-in-the-past-present-and-future\/&amp;quot;target=&amp;quot;_blank&amp;quot;&gt;Circular economy: organic matter in the past, present and future&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/li&gt;&lt;li class=&amp;quot;cmtt_related_item&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&amp;quot;https:\/\/xqthenews.com\/en\/italian-christmas-traditions-between-the-sacred-and-the-profane\/&amp;quot;target=&amp;quot;_blank&amp;quot;&gt;Italian Christmas traditions, between the sacred and the profane&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/li&gt;&lt;li class=&amp;quot;cmtt_related_item&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&amp;quot;https:\/\/xqthenews.com\/en\/brains-on-the-run-comings-goings-sometimes-returns\/&amp;quot;target=&amp;quot;_blank&amp;quot;&gt;Brains on the run: comings, goings, sometimes returns&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/li&gt;&lt;li class=&amp;quot;cmtt_related_item&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&amp;quot;https:\/\/xqthenews.com\/en\/where-do-business-and-society-stand-on-the-circular-economy\/&amp;quot;target=&amp;quot;_blank&amp;quot;&gt;Where do business and society stand on the circular economy?&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/li&gt;&lt;\/ul&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/xqthenews.com\/en\/glossary\/citizenship\/\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">citizens<\/a> and the expansion of the space for the dissemination of scientific evidence on the harms of smoking: all these initiatives have contributed to a significant reduction in the number of smokers in Europe over the decades. The spread of electronic cigarettes seems to have dealt the final blow to the vice of smoking&hellip;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Electronic cigarettes<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Also known as electronic cigarettes or vaping (hence the verb &lsquo;to vape&rsquo;), they are devices that heat liquids containing nicotine, flavourings and other chemicals, which at high temperatures produce an aerosol that the user inhales. This vapour contains varying concentrations of nicotine but, unlike traditional cigarettes, there is no combustion, which is responsible for some of the carcinogenic substances typical of smoke.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This innovative device was patented in 2004 by the Chinese pharmacist <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Hon Lik&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;Chinese pharmacist and inventor known for creating the first modern electronic cigarette in 2003. His invention was born out of a desire to find an alternative to traditional tobacco after his father, a heavy smoker, died of lung cancer. Hon Lik patented the device in 2004 and helped to spread it around the world, revolutionising the tobacco market. His electronic cigarette used a nicotine vaporisation system to eliminate the combustion of tobacco. Despite his initial intention to reduce the harm caused by tobacco, the debate about the safety of electronic cigarettes is still open. Today, his invention is being studied and regulated in many countries.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/xqthenews.com\/en\/glossary\/hon-lik\/\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">Hon Lik<\/a>, who began exporting it to Europe and the United States a few years later. Initially presented as a great innovation to help adult tobacco addicts quit smoking, they were an immediate success, with millions of smokers turning to them to reduce the harm associated with tobacco use. The idea that they were harmless was widespread at the time, and in the absence of scientific studies to prove otherwise, the vaping industry expanded very rapidly, making the electronic cigarette a global phenomenon. Eye-catching packaging and increasingly distinctive flavours helped to attract a growing number of curious consumers, including teenagers and pre-teens.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Electronic cigarettes are also harmful to health<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Although they are presented as a harmless alternative to traditional smoking, recent research suggests that even electronic cigarettes can pose significant long-term health risks. While electronic cigarettes produce fewer toxic substances than pipes, cigars and cigarettes, they are not completely free of them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>According to the<a href=\"https:\/\/health.ec.europa.eu\/publications\/electronic-cigarettes_en\"> European Commission&rsquo;s Scientific Committee on Health, Environment and Emerging Risks (SCHEER)<\/a>, the use of electronic cigarettes not only carries a high risk of addiction, but also has irritating effects on the respiratory tract, which can cause acute asthmatic symptoms due to the inhalation of polyols, aldehydes, metal nanoparticles (from the device&rsquo;s heating elements), as well as carbonyls, formaldehyde, heavy metals and particles, which are known for their harmful effects on the respiratory and cardiovascular systems and their ability to alter DNA, increasing the risk of cancer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The idea that electronic cigarettes are harmless is a dangerous myth, especially among young people, who have seen their use increase exponentially, increasing the risk of nicotine addiction and switching to traditional tobacco. Initially seen as a useful tool to help people quit smoking, it is now feared that these devices may actually increase the number of smokers. The use of electronic cigarettes is associated with respiratory damage (asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) and early cardiovascular changes that could have significant consequences in adulthood. Other studies warn of long-term effects on the reproductive system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There is also the problem of nicotine itself, which is addictive and affects the brain development of adolescents, exponentially increasing the risk of switching to traditional cigarettes and creating a new generation of smokers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-style-rounded\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" src=\"https:\/\/xqthenews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Imagen-no-1-1-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-28806\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xqthenews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Imagen-no-1-1-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/xqthenews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Imagen-no-1-1-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/xqthenews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Imagen-no-1-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/xqthenews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Imagen-no-1-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/xqthenews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Imagen-no-1-1-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/xqthenews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Imagen-no-1-1-450x300.jpg 450w, https:\/\/xqthenews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Imagen-no-1-1-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/xqthenews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Imagen-no-1-1.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Although electronic cigarettes are less harmful than traditional cigarettes, they are not without risk: the nicotine they contain may increase the likelihood that young people will switch to traditional tobacco products, thus creating a new generation of smokers | depositphotos.com<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Vaping among adolescents and young people<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The habitual use of electronic cigarettes among young people in Europe has tripled in 5 years. This is alarming when you consider that most started vaping out of curiosity or social influence, without being fully aware of the risks involved. The average age of vapers has also fallen significantly, mainly due to aggressive marketing strategies on social networks, flavoured liquids aimed at under-18s (with flavours such as watermelon, marshmallow and candy floss) and the lack of regulation of sales (75% of young people aged 13 to 15 say they have no difficulty in buying these products despite the ban).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Among the possible dangers, there are also cases of accidental poisoning of children who ingest the liquids contained in the devices, attracted by the brightly coloured packaging, as well as the risk of burns due to accidental explosion of the electronic device.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The increase in the use of these &ldquo;cigarettes&rdquo; and the false perception of their safety call for effective prevention strategies and specific educational measures. Protecting the younger generations from early exposure to tobacco is essential to prevent the emergence of new addictions and to ensure better public health.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For this reason, several scientific societies have written<a href=\"https:\/\/sip.it\/2024\/02\/02\/pediatri-e-associazioni-dei-pazienti-scrivono-a-schillaci-sigarette-elettroniche-rischiose-per-la-salute-dei-ragazzi-serve-regolamentazione\/\"> an open letter to the Italian Ministry of Health<\/a>. The Italian Society of Paediatrics (SIP), the Italian Society of Respiratory Diseases in Childhood (SIMRI), the Cultural Association of Paediatricians (ACP) and other patient and parent associations have disseminated some really worrying data:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>About 20% of teenagers aged 13-15 regularly use electronic cigarettes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>This is in addition to the 14% who use heated tobacco products.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>57.9% of children aged 11-13 who smoke prefer e-cigarettes, while among those aged 14-17, 38% choose a combination of traditional smoking and vaping.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Among these young smokers, more than half say they have a strong desire to smoke as soon as they wake up, a clear sign of tobacco dependence.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Among the paediatricians&rsquo; main demands is the need to strengthen controls to prevent the sale of tobacco and nicotine-containing devices to minors, in line with the <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;European Commission&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;The European Commission is the executive body of the European Union, responsible for proposing legislation and managing policies on behalf of the EU.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;cmtt_related_articles_wrapper&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;cmtt_related_title cmtt_related_articles_title&amp;quot;&gt;Related Articles: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;ul class=&amp;quot;cmtt_related&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;li class=&amp;quot;cmtt_related_item&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&amp;quot;https:\/\/xqthenews.com\/en\/your-plastic-lunchbox-is-polluting-the-planet-and-your-endocrine-system\/&amp;quot;target=&amp;quot;_blank&amp;quot;&gt;Your plastic lunchbox is polluting the planet and your endocrine system.&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/li&gt;&lt;li class=&amp;quot;cmtt_related_item&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&amp;quot;https:\/\/xqthenews.com\/en\/circular-economy-organic-matter-in-the-past-present-and-future\/&amp;quot;target=&amp;quot;_blank&amp;quot;&gt;Circular economy: organic matter in the past, present and future&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/li&gt;&lt;li class=&amp;quot;cmtt_related_item&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&amp;quot;https:\/\/xqthenews.com\/en\/world-climate-summit-in-dubai-cop-28\/&amp;quot;target=&amp;quot;_blank&amp;quot;&gt;World Climate Summit in Dubai COP 28&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/li&gt;&lt;li class=&amp;quot;cmtt_related_item&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&amp;quot;https:\/\/xqthenews.com\/en\/plastic-floods-the-seas-chronicle-of-a-new-ecocide-off-the-galician-coast\/&amp;quot;target=&amp;quot;_blank&amp;quot;&gt;Plastic floods the seas: chronicle of a new ecocide off the Galician coast&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/li&gt;&lt;li class=&amp;quot;cmtt_related_item&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&amp;quot;https:\/\/xqthenews.com\/en\/climate-emergency-and-health-challenges\/&amp;quot;target=&amp;quot;_blank&amp;quot;&gt;Climate emergency and health challenges&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/li&gt;&lt;\/ul&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/xqthenews.com\/en\/glossary\/european-commission\/\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">European Commission<\/a>&rsquo;s goal of creating a tobacco-free generation by 2028. The government is also urged to regulate packaging to make it less attractive to children and to ban the free distribution of electronic cigarettes and refills to minors. There are also calls to limit marketing strategies aimed at young people on social networks and to bring flavour regulations into line with those for traditional cigarettes, banning menthol or fruit flavours linked to nicotine. Finally, it stresses the importance of an information campaign aimed at doctors, parents, young people and school staff, to be disseminated through the media and by means of an inter-ministerial agreement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The international context<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Several European countries are taking measures to regulate the use of electronic cigarettes by minors. For example, Belgium has become the first country in the European Union to ban the sale of disposable electronic cigarettes, known as &lsquo;puffs&rsquo;, from 1 January 2025.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Other countries have started to introduce restrictive measures as early as 2023. The UK has launched a public consultation on electronic cigarettes, considering measures such as reducing the number of flavours in vaping liquids, regulating packaging to avoid attracting minors, banning the sale of disposable devices and increasing prices. The UK&rsquo;s aim is twofold: to help adults quit smoking through electronic cigarettes, while protecting young people from taking up smoking.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In the Netherlands, the production of flavoured electronic cigarettes and refill liquids has been banned, according to the government&rsquo;s website for entrepreneurs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;European Commission&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph {&amp;quot;translatedWithWPMLTM&amp;quot;:&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;} --&amp;gt;The European Commission is the executive body of the European Union, responsible for proposing legislation and managing policies on behalf of the EU.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;cmtt_related_articles_wrapper&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&amp;quot;cmtt_related_title cmtt_related_articles_title&amp;quot;&gt;Related Articles: &lt;\/div&gt;&lt;ul class=&amp;quot;cmtt_related&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;li class=&amp;quot;cmtt_related_item&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&amp;quot;https:\/\/xqthenews.com\/en\/your-plastic-lunchbox-is-polluting-the-planet-and-your-endocrine-system\/&amp;quot;target=&amp;quot;_blank&amp;quot;&gt;Your plastic lunchbox is polluting the planet and your endocrine system.&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/li&gt;&lt;li class=&amp;quot;cmtt_related_item&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&amp;quot;https:\/\/xqthenews.com\/en\/circular-economy-organic-matter-in-the-past-present-and-future\/&amp;quot;target=&amp;quot;_blank&amp;quot;&gt;Circular economy: organic matter in the past, present and future&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/li&gt;&lt;li class=&amp;quot;cmtt_related_item&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&amp;quot;https:\/\/xqthenews.com\/en\/world-climate-summit-in-dubai-cop-28\/&amp;quot;target=&amp;quot;_blank&amp;quot;&gt;World Climate Summit in Dubai COP 28&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/li&gt;&lt;li class=&amp;quot;cmtt_related_item&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&amp;quot;https:\/\/xqthenews.com\/en\/plastic-floods-the-seas-chronicle-of-a-new-ecocide-off-the-galician-coast\/&amp;quot;target=&amp;quot;_blank&amp;quot;&gt;Plastic floods the seas: chronicle of a new ecocide off the Galician coast&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/li&gt;&lt;li class=&amp;quot;cmtt_related_item&amp;quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&amp;quot;https:\/\/xqthenews.com\/en\/climate-emergency-and-health-challenges\/&amp;quot;target=&amp;quot;_blank&amp;quot;&gt;Climate emergency and health challenges&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/li&gt;&lt;\/ul&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/xqthenews.com\/en\/glossary\/european-commission\/\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">European Commission<\/a> has proposed extending the ban on smoking and vaping to outdoor areas frequented by children and young people, such as playgrounds and swimming pools, as part of the European Cancer Plan, which aims to create a &ldquo;tobacco-free generation&rdquo; by 2040.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>And many EU countries have reaffirmed the ban on sales to under-18s and introduced stricter age verification procedures to ensure compliance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These initiatives reflect the growing concern at European level about the use of electronic cigarettes by minors and represent important steps towards better protection of public health and the environment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-vivid-green-cyan-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color has-background is-style-wide\">\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\">\n\/* <![CDATA[ *\/\nvar gform;gform||(document.addEventListener(\"gform_main_scripts_loaded\",function(){gform.scriptsLoaded=!0}),document.addEventListener(\"gform\/theme\/scripts_loaded\",function(){gform.themeScriptsLoaded=!0}),window.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",function(){gform.domLoaded=!0}),gform={domLoaded:!1,scriptsLoaded:!1,themeScriptsLoaded:!1,isFormEditor:()=>\"function\"==typeof InitializeEditor,callIfLoaded:function(o){return!(!gform.domLoaded||!gform.scriptsLoaded||!gform.themeScriptsLoaded&&!gform.isFormEditor()||(gform.isFormEditor()&&console.warn(\"The use of gform.initializeOnLoaded() is deprecated in the form editor context and will be removed in Gravity Forms 3.1.\"),o(),0))},initializeOnLoaded:function(o){gform.callIfLoaded(o)||(document.addEventListener(\"gform_main_scripts_loaded\",()=>{gform.scriptsLoaded=!0,gform.callIfLoaded(o)}),document.addEventListener(\"gform\/theme\/scripts_loaded\",()=>{gform.themeScriptsLoaded=!0,gform.callIfLoaded(o)}),window.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",()=>{gform.domLoaded=!0,gform.callIfLoaded(o)}))},hooks:{action:{},filter:{}},addAction:function(o,r,e,t){gform.addHook(\"action\",o,r,e,t)},addFilter:function(o,r,e,t){gform.addHook(\"filter\",o,r,e,t)},doAction:function(o){gform.doHook(\"action\",o,arguments)},applyFilters:function(o){return gform.doHook(\"filter\",o,arguments)},removeAction:function(o,r){gform.removeHook(\"action\",o,r)},removeFilter:function(o,r,e){gform.removeHook(\"filter\",o,r,e)},addHook:function(o,r,e,t,n){null==gform.hooks[o][r]&&(gform.hooks[o][r]=[]);var d=gform.hooks[o][r];null==n&&(n=r+\"_\"+d.length),gform.hooks[o][r].push({tag:n,callable:e,priority:t=null==t?10:t})},doHook:function(r,o,e){var t;if(e=Array.prototype.slice.call(e,1),null!=gform.hooks[r][o]&&((o=gform.hooks[r][o]).sort(function(o,r){return o.priority-r.priority}),o.forEach(function(o){\"function\"!=typeof(t=o.callable)&&(t=window[t]),\"action\"==r?t.apply(null,e):e[0]=t.apply(null,e)})),\"filter\"==r)return e[0]},removeHook:function(o,r,t,n){var e;null!=gform.hooks[o][r]&&(e=(e=gform.hooks[o][r]).filter(function(o,r,e){return!!(null!=n&&n!=o.tag||null!=t&&t!=o.priority)}),gform.hooks[o][r]=e)}});\n\/* ]]> *\/\n<\/script>\n\n                <div class=\"gf_browser_gecko gform_wrapper gravity-theme gform-theme--no-framework quiz_wrapper\" data-form-theme=\"gravity-theme\" data-form-index=\"0\" id=\"gform_wrapper_843\"><div id=\"gf_843\" class=\"gform_anchor\" tabindex=\"-1\"><\/div>\n                        <div class=\"gform_heading\">\n                            <h2 class=\"gform_title\">Reading Comprehension questions. Electronic cigarettes: health warning for young people<\/h2>\n                            <p class=\"gform_description\"><\/p>\n                        <\/div><form method=\"post\" enctype=\"multipart\/form-data\" id=\"gform_843\" class=\"quiz\" action=\"\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28819#gf_843\" data-formid=\"843\" novalidate> \r\n <input type=\"hidden\" class=\"gforms-pum\" value='{\"closepopup\":false,\"closedelay\":0,\"openpopup\":false,\"openpopup_id\":0}'>\n        <div id=\"gf_progressbar_wrapper_843\" class=\"gf_progressbar_wrapper\" data-start-at-zero=\"\">\n        \t<p class=\"gf_progressbar_title\">Step <span class=\"gf_step_current_page\">1<\/span> of <span class=\"gf_step_page_count\">3<\/span><span class=\"gf_step_page_name\"><\/span>\n        \t<\/p>\n            <div class=\"gf_progressbar gf_progressbar_blue\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n                <div class=\"gf_progressbar_percentage percentbar_blue percentbar_33\" style=\"width:33%;\"><span>33%<\/span><\/div>\n            <\/div><\/div>\n                        <div class=\"gform-body gform_body\"><div id=\"gform_page_843_1\" class=\"gform_page \" data-js=\"page-field-id-0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"gform_page_fields\"><div id=\"gform_fields_843\" class=\"gform_fields top_label form_sublabel_below description_below validation_below\"><fieldset id=\"field_843_1\" class=\"gfield gfield--type-quiz gfield--type-choice gfield--input-type-radio field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below field_validation_below gfield_visibility_visible gquiz-field \" data-field-class=\"gquiz-field\"><legend class=\"gfield_label gform-field-label\">Which of the following measures was taken to combat smoking in the 1970s?<\/legend><div class=\"ginput_container ginput_container_radio\"><div class=\"gfield_radio\" id=\"input_843_1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"gchoice gchoice_843_1_0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<input class=\"gfield-choice-input\" name=\"input_1\" type=\"radio\" value=\"gquiz1b2b27084\" id=\"choice_843_1_0\" onchange=\"gformToggleRadioOther( this )\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"choice_843_1_0\" id=\"label_843_1_0\" class=\"gform-field-label gform-field-label--type-inline\">Total ban on the sale of cigarettes.<\/label>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"gchoice gchoice_843_1_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<input class=\"gfield-choice-input\" name=\"input_1\" type=\"radio\" value=\"gquiz12c53da11\" id=\"choice_843_1_1\" onchange=\"gformToggleRadioOther( this )\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"choice_843_1_1\" id=\"label_843_1_1\" class=\"gform-field-label gform-field-label--type-inline\">Introduction of the electronic cigarette.<\/label>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"gchoice gchoice_843_1_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<input class=\"gfield-choice-input\" name=\"input_1\" type=\"radio\" value=\"gquiz1b672525f5d\" id=\"choice_843_1_2\" onchange=\"gformToggleRadioOther( this )\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"choice_843_1_2\" id=\"label_843_1_2\" class=\"gform-field-label gform-field-label--type-inline\">Restrictions on advertising and warnings on packs.<\/label>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"gchoice gchoice_843_1_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<input class=\"gfield-choice-input\" name=\"input_1\" type=\"radio\" value=\"gquiz11f4f744f\" id=\"choice_843_1_3\" onchange=\"gformToggleRadioOther( this )\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"choice_843_1_3\" id=\"label_843_1_3\" class=\"gform-field-label gform-field-label--type-inline\">Obligation to sell cigarettes only in pharmacies.<\/label>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/fieldset><\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"gform-page-footer gform_page_footer top_label\">\n                         <input type=\"button\" id=\"gform_next_button_843_5\" class=\"gform_next_button gform-theme-button button\" onclick=\"gform.submission.handleButtonClick(this);\" data-submission-type=\"next\" value=\"Next \"> \n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <div id=\"gform_page_843_2\" class=\"gform_page\" data-js=\"page-field-id-5\" style=\"display:none;\">\n                    <div class=\"gform_page_fields\">\n                        <div id=\"gform_fields_843_2\" class=\"gform_fields top_label form_sublabel_below description_below validation_below\"><fieldset id=\"field_843_3\" class=\"gfield gfield--type-quiz gfield--type-choice gfield--input-type-radio gfield--width-full field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below field_validation_below gfield_visibility_visible gquiz-field \" data-field-class=\"gquiz-field\"><legend class=\"gfield_label gform-field-label\">What is one of the main risks associated with the use of electronic cigarettes by young people?<\/legend><div class=\"ginput_container ginput_container_radio\"><div class=\"gfield_radio\" id=\"input_843_3\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"gchoice gchoice_843_3_0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<input class=\"gfield-choice-input\" name=\"input_3\" type=\"radio\" value=\"gquiz3394e91f2\" id=\"choice_843_3_0\" onchange=\"gformToggleRadioOther( this )\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"choice_843_3_0\" id=\"label_843_3_0\" class=\"gform-field-label gform-field-label--type-inline\">They are non-addictive because they do not contain nicotine.<\/label>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"gchoice gchoice_843_3_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<input class=\"gfield-choice-input\" name=\"input_3\" type=\"radio\" value=\"gquiz3b5aa3d2d\" id=\"choice_843_3_1\" onchange=\"gformToggleRadioOther( this )\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"choice_843_3_1\" id=\"label_843_3_1\" class=\"gform-field-label gform-field-label--type-inline\">They encourage the transition to traditional tobacco.<\/label>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"gchoice gchoice_843_3_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<input class=\"gfield-choice-input\" name=\"input_3\" type=\"radio\" value=\"gquiz3d1b23a18\" id=\"choice_843_3_2\" onchange=\"gformToggleRadioOther( this )\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"choice_843_3_2\" id=\"label_843_3_2\" class=\"gform-field-label gform-field-label--type-inline\">They are completely safe for health.<\/label>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"gchoice gchoice_843_3_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<input class=\"gfield-choice-input\" name=\"input_3\" type=\"radio\" value=\"gquiz3c5e04d4d\" id=\"choice_843_3_3\" onchange=\"gformToggleRadioOther( this )\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<label for=\"choice_843_3_3\" id=\"label_843_3_3\" class=\"gform-field-label gform-field-label--type-inline\">They have a positive effect on brain development.<\/label>\n\t\t\t<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/fieldset><\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"gform-page-footer gform_page_footer top_label\">\n                        <input type=\"button\" id=\"gform_previous_button_843_6\" class=\"gform_previous_button gform-theme-button gform-theme-button--secondary button\" onclick=\"gform.submission.handleButtonClick(this);\" data-submission-type=\"previous\" value=\"Previous\"> <input type=\"button\" id=\"gform_next_button_843_6\" class=\"gform_next_button gform-theme-button button\" onclick=\"gform.submission.handleButtonClick(this);\" data-submission-type=\"next\" value=\"Next \"> \n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                <div id=\"gform_page_843_3\" class=\"gform_page\" data-js=\"page-field-id-6\" style=\"display:none;\">\n                    <div class=\"gform_page_fields\">\n                        <div id=\"gform_fields_843_3\" class=\"gform_fields top_label form_sublabel_below description_below validation_below\"><fieldset id=\"field_843_4\" class=\"gfield gfield--type-quiz gfield--type-choice gfield--input-type-radio gfield--width-full field_sublabel_below gfield--no-description field_description_below field_validation_below gfield_visibility_visible gquiz-field \" data-field-class=\"gquiz-field\"><legend class=\"gfield_label gform-field-label\">Which European country was the first to ban disposable electronic cigarettes?<\/legend><div class=\"ginput_container 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